Paunenge uchisarudza nharembozha, vanhu vazhinji vanozviisa padivi pekuita, kuratidza uye pamwe kuchengetedza huwandu zvinoenderana nemidziyo yemifananidzo. Mazuva ano mafoni anowanzo kuve nawo padanho repamusoro, uye izvo zvavasingakwanise kupa maererano nemamiriro emuviri, ivo vanowanzo gadzira nesoftware.
Nhasi tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo yakadai seyokuti: Huwandu hwema megapixels muma smartphones zvine basa here kana kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo kana uchitenga smartphone maererano nekugona kutora mifananidzo?
Mamegapixel ane basa here?
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vazhinji vagadziri vefoni vanobheja pane iyi kukosha maererano nekushambadzira. Nekudaro, iyo nhamba yemamegapixel ndiyo chete chiratidzo chekutonga kugona kwemifananidzo yekamera mumidziyo yedu?
Photogallery
Mhinduro ndeyekuti kwete, huwandu hwema megapixels handicho chega chinhu chekufunga kana uchitenga foni. Kunyangwe zvichinyatso kukosha, zvimwe zvinhu uye zvikamu zvinogadzira kamera zvinokanganisawo kunaka kwemifananidzo inoguma. Mukupedzisira, zvinouya pasi kune kupindirana kwehardware, software, uye hongu zvaunofarira.
Aperture
Kana tichitaura nezvekutora mifananidzo, iyo inonyanya kukosha yakawanda ndeyechiedza. Makamera ehunyanzvi anonyanya kushandisa aperture, inova saizi yekuvhura lens, kutonga huwandu hwechiedza hwavanogashira, kunyangwe nguva yekuratidzwa kana ISO marongero anokanganisawo huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda. Nekudaro, mazhinji ma smartphones haana humbozha hweinogadziriswa aperture, kunyangwe paine zvisizvo. Samsung, semuenzaniso, yakaburitsa akati wandei nharembozha ine inosiyana aperture makore mashoma apfuura, uye Huawei parizvino ane Mate 50 modhi ine zvakare ine izvi. Nekudaro, muhuwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko, vagadziri havadi kurasikirwa neakawanda nzvimbo yemuchina kana kushandisa zvakawandisa kuisa skrini mumafoni avo. Iwo optical mhedzisiro ane hukama nekushandiswa kweaperture anogona kunyatsobudirira kuwanikwa kuburikidza nesoftware. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti isu tinofanira kufuratira zvachose iyi parameter. Muzhinji, iyo yakakura iyo aperture, iyo yakanyanya kujeka iyo kamera sensor ichakwanisa kushanda nayo, iyo inodiwa. Aperture inopimwa nenhamba-f-nhamba, nenhamba diki inoenzana nehombe.
Photogallery
Focal kureba uye lens
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kureba kwefocal. Kuti uzvinzwisise, zvakanaka kutarisa zvakare mhinduro yekamera yechinyakare. Pano, mwenje unopfuura nelens, uko inotariswa kune yakatarwa poindi uye yobva yatorwa ne sensor. Hurefu hwakatarisana, hwakayerwa mumamirimita, saka chinhambwe chiri pakati pesenso nenzvimbo panosangana mwenje. Iyo yakaderera iyo, iyo yakafara kona yekuona, uye zvakasiyana, iyo yakakwirira yekutarisa kureba, iyo yakamanikana kona yekuona.
Kureba kwekamera ye-smartphone kunosvika 4 mm, asi nhamba iyi haina zvazvinoreva kubva pakuona kwemifananidzo. Pane kudaro, nhamba iyi inopihwa mu 35mm yakaenzana, inova ndiyo yaizodiwa kuti uwane imwe kona yekuona pane yakazara-frame kamera.
Photogallery
Nhamba yepamusoro kana yakaderera haisati iri nani kana kuti yakaipisisa, asi ma-smartphones mazhinji nhasi ane inokwana imwe yakakura-ekona kamera ine pfupi yakatarisa kureba nekuti vashandisi vanoda kutora nzvimbo yakafara sezvinobvira mumifananidzo yavo. Iwe unozofarirawo chiitiko ichi kana vlogging, semuenzaniso. Iine yakafara-ekona lens, iwe unotora yakawanda nzvimbo uye haufanirwe kazhinji kusvika kune zvishongedzo senge selfie sticks, akasiyana vabati, nezvimwe.
Iyo lens yakakosha kuhurefu hwekamera. Iyo ine zvinhu zvakati wandei uye lens inodzivirira, nepo basa rayo nderekukotama uye kutarisa mwenje pane iyo mufananidzo sensor.
Pane dambudziko pano nekuda kwekuti mwenje weruvara wakasiyana unokotama nenzira dzakasiyana nekuti ine wavelength yakasiyana. Mhedzisiro yeizvi marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekukanganisa uye kukanganisa, ayo vanogadzira smartphone vanobata nezvose zviri zviviri zvikamu zvechigadzirwa pachacho uye software. Hapana lens yakakwana, uye izvi ndezvechokwadi zvakapetwa kaviri kune nharembozha, sezvo tiri kushanda nemadiki madiki pano. Zvakadaro, mamwe malenzi enharembozha azvino anoita zvinoyemurika.
Unogona kufarira
Iyo fizikisi yekukanganisa uye yekufungidzira yakanyanya kuoma, zvinova zvingangoita kuti vazhinji vagadziri vefoni vasingafarire kuburitsa. informace nezve lenzi dzayo pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinotsanangurwa. Kana iwe uine sarudzo, zvakanakisa mune izvi kuti uedze kugona kwekamera kutanga uye wozofunga kana iyo inobuda yakapihwa inokukodzera.
Sensor
Iyo sensor chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chidimbu chekamera hardware iyo inoshandura yakasvibira optical data kuita data remagetsi informace. Nzvimbo yaro yakafukidzwa nemamiriyoni ega ega photocells anoshanda zvichienderana nekusimba kwechiedza chakagamuchirwa.
Iyo yakakura masero ega ega, zviri nani kutora chiedza uye anogona kubereka humwe hutsika hwakatendeka, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu asina chiedza. Mumashoko akareruka, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti sensor hombe isarudzo iri nani muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyangwe zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekuti mapikseli mangani ayo sensor inoumbwa kana saizi yepixel yega yega inoitawo basa.
Colors
Kuburitsa kwemavara echokwadi kwakakosha kune wese mutori wemifananidzo. Mafirita emavara anoshandiswa kuwana iwo, kazhinji tsvuku, girini uye bhuruu. Iyo processor yemifananidzo inoshandisa aya mavara kune kupenya kukosha kweiyo yega foto furemu ine informace pamusoro pegadziriro yavo, iyo inomushumira kugadzira mufananidzo unoguma. Mafoni mazhinji anoshandisa inonzi Bayer color filter, iyo ine 50% yegirini, 25% tsvuku uye 25% yebhuruu (RGGB), chikonzero chehukuru hwegirinhi kuve kuti ziso remunhu rinoona ruvara urwu zviri nani kupfuura mamwe.
Vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vakaedzawo nemamwe marudzi emafirita kana kuyedza kuzvishandura, izvo zvine chekuita, semuenzaniso, kambani Huawei, iyo yakatsiva yechinyakare Bayer sefa negirinhi uye yero kuti iwedzere kunzwa, izvo zvakaunza mhedzisiro, asi mu mimwe mifananidzo iwe unogona kuona zvishoma zvisiri zvechisikigo yero tinge. Masensa ane RGGB sefa anowanzo kuve nemifananidzo inobuda iri nani nekuti maalgorithms avanoshandisa anga aripo kwenguva refu uye saka akakura zvakanyanya.
Image processor
Chikamu chekupedzisira chakakosha chemidziyo yemifananidzo ye smartphone ndeye processor yemifananidzo. Iyo yekupedzisira, sezvakatoratidzwa, inotarisira kugadzirisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva kune sensor uchishandisa lens. Vagadziri vakasiyana vanoshandisa mhinduro dzakasiyana uye nzira munzira iyi, saka hazvishamise kuti imwechete RAW foto ichataridzika zvakasiyana kubva kune Samsung, Huawei, Pixel kana iPhone foni, uye hapana nzira iri nani kupfuura imwe. Vamwe vanhu vanofarira kurapwa kwePixel's HDR pane iyo yakanyanya kuchengetedza uye yakasikwa kutarisa kwainokupa iPhone.
Photogallery
Saka zvakadini ne megapixels?
Dzinonyanya kukosha kudaro? Ehe. Patinotora mifananidzo, tinotarisira kutora imwe nhanho yechokwadi. Chinangwa chehunyanzvi padivi, vazhinji vedu tinoda kuti mafoto edu ave padyo nechokwadi sezvinobvira, izvo zvakaputswa zvakajeka nepixelation inooneka. Kuti tiwane kunyengera kunodiwa kwechokwadi, tinofanira kusvika pakugadzirisa kweziso remunhu. Ndiko kuita 720 pixels per inch kumunhu ane hutano hwakakwana uye asina kuganhurirwa kuona kana achionekwa kubva chinhambwe chingangoita 30 cm. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kudhinda mafoto mune yakajairwa 6 × 4 fomati, iwe unoda resolution ye4 × 320, kana zvishoma isingasviki 2 Mpx.
Unogona kufarira
Asi izvo zvinobvunza mubvunzo: Kana gumi nemaviri Mpx iri padyo nemuganho weizvo munhuwo zvake anogona kuona, nei Samsung iine Galaxy S23 Ultra 200 Mpx? Pane zvikonzero zvakati wandei, asi chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha inyanzvi inonzi pixel binning, uko sikweya yechina inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo cheimwe photocell kuunganidza ruzivo, zvichinyatso wedzera saizi yaro nekubhadharisa mhedzisiro yemufananidzo. Ehe, zvingaite kungoita mafotocells akakura, asi kusunga madiki kunopa zvakanakira izvo ma sensors akakura haakwanise kuenderana, senge zvirinani HDR mifananidzo uye zoom kugona, inovawo chinhu chakakosha kune vazhinji vashandisi.
Photogallery
Saka ma megapixel ane basa pasi pemamiriro azvino, asi zvakakoshawo kutarisa imwe tekinoroji data yekamera yeramangwana rako re smartphone, senge midziyo yelens, sensor kana processor. Nhasi, apo, nekuda kwekupfura muRAW fomati, tinogona kuona zvishoma pasi pehodhi yevagadziri' software yemashiripiti, zvinokwanisika kutora mafoto nenhare mbozha padanho rakanaka chaizvo.
